Assessment of Universal Design and Ergonomic Accessibility Solutions for Travelers with Physical Disabilities in Tourism Facilities

Abstract

This article assesses how universal design and ergonomics can improve the accessibility, safety and autonomy of travelers with physical disabilities in tourism facilities. The study uses a qualitative evidence synthesis and standards-based facility analysis rather than fabricated field measurements. International rights instruments, ISO 21902:2021, ISO 21542:2021, WCAG 2.2 and peer-reviewed research published mainly in 2024 –2026 were compared to identify recurring failures across the visitor journey. The analysis shows that accessibility is weakened less by the absence of isolated adaptations than by discontinuity: a usable guest room has limited value when booking information, arrival routes, reception, restaurants or emergency procedures remain inaccessible. Ergonomic performance depends on reach, force, clearance, stability, fatigue, transfer patterns and the option to receive assistance without loss of dignity. The article proposes a journey-based assessment model with critical-failure rules, user testing and seven management domains.