Climate Change and Economic Risks to Global Food Security

Abstract

Food security is an increasingly important global challenge shaped by climate change, economic uncertainty, geopolitical instability and disruptions in international food systems. This article examines the relationship between climate change, economic risks and global food security, focusing on the effects of climate-related shocks on agricultural production, food prices, household purchasing power, trade and nutrition. The study applies a qualitative analytical approach based on a review and synthesis of scientific literature and institutional evidence. It considers the main dimensions of food security— availability, access, utilization and stability—and analyses their vulnerability to extreme weather events, water scarcity, inflation, poverty and supply-chain disruptions. The findings indicate that climate change represents not only an environmental challenge but also a systemic economic risk transmitted through production, prices, incomes and markets.